Bad Boys I Synopsis Free Essays

Awful Boys which was coordinated by the Michael Bay, previous video executive, got the opportunity to be perceived as this activity satire film had been a success. Assigning an extremely huge financial plan for this film was delivered by Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson. The primary throws in this film are two Miami cops, Mike Lowrey in the depiction of Will Smith (a single guy) and Marcus Burnett in the individual Martin Lawrence (a family man). We will compose a custom exposition test on Awful Boys I Synopsis or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Their group up gives the film most ideal chances. Lowrey and Burnett takes an exceptionally hazardous case since 100 million dollars of heroin had been taken out of the cellar of police base camp, which had been the greatest medication bust of their professions. These two Miami cops have just got 72 hours to recover the heroin before the Internal Affairs Division closes them down. A French medication boss named Fouchet (Tcheky Karyo), puts them hot on the path, since this medication master leaves a hint of bodies afterward. Offering shading to the story is played by Julie Mott (Tea Leoni), who saw the homicide of her companion, Maxine Logan (a hooker). She chose to contact the police and is eager to talk just to Mike yet he doesn’t recognize what he resembles. Since Mike isn't there, Marcus, his accomplice needs to imagine as Mike, carrying on with a single guy way of life. In Mike’s return, he ought to likewise mimic Marcus as a wedded man. Makes it energizing that it has been convoluted on the two sections however they need to do it with the end goal for them to get the help of the sole observer. This film is an incredible film exceptionally their idea of the â€Å"buddy† equation. The scenes are reasonable and high savagery gave the film an extremely appealing taste to the watchers. Before the finish of the film, what we care about are the story, picture and principle characters which give the film an incredible film. Awful Boys. (1995). Summation for Bad Boys. Recovered April 23, 2009 from http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0112442/. MSN films. (1995). Awful Boys: Synopsis. Recovered April 23, 2009 from http://films. msn. com/motion pictures/film abstract/terrible young men. 1/ The most effective method to refer to Bad Boys I Synopsis, Papers

Glossary of Historical Terms

Glossary of Historical Terms All times of history have their own terms and words one of a kind to them; if you’re fortunate, they’ll even be in a language you talk. Yet, the demonstration of examining history has a scope of terms as well, and this page will clarify the historiographical terms utilized both all through the site, and the books understudies normally need. Peruse theseâ tips for composing a history paper. History Terms From start to finish File: An assortment of archives and records. Files can be colossal and take a very long time to sufficiently ace (or, on account of certain galleries, much more), and they can simply be little yet purposeful groupings of material. They are the homes of the past age of history specialists however are progressively going on the web. ​Autobiography: A people record of their life. The vehicle part implies that individual has had significant info, if not composing it themselves, yet this doesn’t mean the work will be generally precise. The student of history should judge that, however it means it’s the past as the individual wants it to be remembered.Bibliography: A rundown of works, including books, diaries, and expositions, on a specific subject. Most genuine chronicled works have a catalog of what was utilized to make it, and most understudies and perusers are urged to utilize it as a reason for exploration.Biography: A record of a people life, composed by someone else. This may be an antiquarian, it may be a hack offering cheap bits of gossip and should be surveyed similarly as cautiously as a life account. Book Review: A basic assessment of a book, as a rule including an outline of the work and contradicting sees. Journalistic book audits will in general spotlight on whether the book is acceptable, scholastic book surveys will in general spot the book with regards to the field (and whether it’s good.)Context: The foundation and explicit conditions of a subject, for example, a writers way of life, or the climate during a fender bender. Setting is totally everything with regards to analyzingâ a archive, or laying the right foundation for your essay.Discipline: The examination, or practice, of a subject utilizing a particular arrangement of strategies, terms, and approaches. History is a control, as is Archeology, Chemistry or Biology.Encyclopedia: A composed reference work, made out of useful articles masterminded one after another in order. These can either concentrate on a specific subject or, on account of the Encyclopedia Britannica, on everything. The more a reference book c overs, the less profundity it will in general have, so volumes explicit to your objective subject are the objective. History: Either the investigation of the past or the result of our endeavors to comprehend the past. See ‘the Past’ beneath for the full explanation.Historian: A person who considers the past.Historiography: Either the techniques and standards utilized in the investigation of history or the composed result.Interdisciplinary: The examination, or practice, of a subject which applies the strategies and approaches of a few orders. For example, while History, Literature, and Archeology are discrete orders, they can be combined.Journal: A periodical which ordinarily manages a particular issue, for example, National Geographic. By periodical, we mean a kind of magazine.Past, The: Events which happened beforehand in time. It may sound weird to have ‘history’ and ‘the past’ meaning various things, yet the differentiation is significant when you recollect that every one of our endeavors to describe and clarify prior occasions are influenced by our own pre dispositions and challenges of time and transmission. What students of history have done is utilized ‘The Past’ as a base point: this is the thing that occurred, this is the thing that a great many people consider as history. Students of history at that point consider ‘history’ as the result of our endeavors to reproduce the past. Essential Sources: Material from, or straightforwardly identified with, the past. Ever, essential sources are normally letters, records or different reports made during the period that is being contemplated, for example, journals, legitimate notification or records. In any case, essential sources can incorporate photos, gems, and other items.Reference Work: A book, ordinarily as a word reference or reference book which contains realities and data, however not regularly discussions.Secondary Sources: Material made by someone expelled from the occasion being considered - who was either not at the occasion, or was working later. For example, all history course readings are optional sources.

After Graduating

After Graduating Hi everyone! It’s good to be back here, on this familiar platform but very different website. I’m so not used to it that I still drafted this post on Google Docs as I always did, though our new platform has a fancier back-end I could have used (unbeknownst to you all).   The last time I put up a blog post on MIT Admissions was about one year ago. I really should have come back before thenI owed Chris a blog about the time I went to San Diego Comic Con to talk about the Riri Pi Day video, but away I stayed. This is analogous somewhat to real lifeI still live in Cambridge, just a few blocks from campus, but intentionally keep the little distance I can manage. I have a fear of appearing too crufty, so while I keep in touch with current undergrads I was already friends with, I intentionally try not to make any new ones, and though I could still be more involved in some of my former student groups, I intentionally seek different and new activities. I felt it was important to feel a little separated in my new, “adult” life, precisely because I live so close to where I had just graduated from.   Astronaut Cady Coleman (!), myself, marine explorer Katie Croff Bell, Civic Media student Alexis Hope, and Media Lab Professor Danielle Wood speaking on an MIT-related comic con panel (its featured heavily in fiction, after all) My year after graduation was, I am now certain, very different from most students’ year after graduation (its really been about a year and a half now, but)  A lot of things happened to me that I am quite sure did not happen to other peopleor at least, not in quite the same combination. After graduating, I Began working at a robotics startup begun by MIT and Carnegie Mellon alumni, XYZ Robotics. They started in May 2018, and I started in July. For a period of about 2 months I was the only mechanical engineer.   Was a panelist at San Diego Comic Con to talk about the Riri video In October, traveled to Shanghai to be at my company’s China office for 3 months, and established our hardware engineering capability there. My mom is also from Shanghai, so it was a time to reflect on my relationship with the city and Chinese culture (which I also wrote about of course)   Startups are hard. I worked long hours, and while in China, there was a period where I worked three weeks straightno weekendsand part of it in an unheated warehouse. But I was learning a lot, and I felt good about that part of it.   In January, because I worked nonstop in China (no thanksgiving or Christmas there) I took a vacation to Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. In “Blues”, as the locals affectionately call it, I met up with Bothabo N. University of Pretoria ‘19. He was a Zimbabwean international student at the University of Pretoria in South Africa, who then did Pretoria’s exchange program with MIT, which is how I came to meet him (a double international student lol). We drove up to largest waterfall in the world, Mosi Oa Tunya (Lozi for the smoke that thunders, also known as Victoria Falls), to meet up with my friend Elvis, who’s a guy I met at a hostel in Denmark that runs a whitewater rafting business (a story for another time).   Myself on the tree, Bothabo on the left and Elvis on the right. Needless to say, we went whitewater rafting: Shortly after my return, I was laid-off from XYZ. No hard feelingsstartups are just like this sometimes, the world is capitalist, and I happened to be the least experienced person on the team (everyone else had at least a masters). Startups go through a lot of changes their first yearsfinancial issues, structural reorganization, redefining priorities, etc. I expected something or other to happen, given how new we werebut still, you’re never prepared for news like that.   For three months I was in Boston and unemployed.   During that three months, I collected unemployment benefits from the state of Massachusetts. Going to the unemployment officewhich enabled my paymentswas a stressful and difficult experience, and a period of deep soul-searching. It was one of the first times I’ve felt suffocated by the name “MIT”shouldn’t I be doing something more, being more, being less of a disappointment? Was I letting down my alma mater, which I left such a short time ago? I was comforted by seeing another person at the office wearing a Tufts sweaterI can’t decide if this is elitist in a weird way or not. Obviously, this caused multiple flare-ups of imposter syndrome.   The current me laughs gently at the past meI would get one offer (from a water company, actually) in the first month after being unemployed that I politely declined because it didn’t feel right. In March, I just took some time to myself and visited family in Denver and Toronto. I interviewed at a lot of places. I gradually got better at interviewing. Finally, I was offered 3 different positions, all in robotics, within the same week in April, and had to quickly decide between them (stressful, but a good problem to have!)   I now work at a government-contracting research lab, Triton Systems. I have more sleep and more weekends and still learn a lot, still get exposed to interesting work. I like the people I work with, and I like my team. It feels stable, something I wasn’t sure I wanted but I’m now glad I haveit gives me a little more time to think about what I really want to do with my life (and to write this blog post).   Since Triton is hella far (Lowell, MA) I bought my first car.   In the background of all this career stuff, I’m still writing. I have a Medium blog. I write about African music a lot, and someone reaches out to me about an up-and-coming artist, Kobi Jonz. I end up writing his professional bio, which was fun. I do writing just because I love it, and for truly no other reason. But somehow, there’s enough passion that opportunities just seem to find me, rather than the other way around.   Finally, the weekend rolls around for MIT 2019 commencement. But I’m not thereI’m at Dartmouth, supporting another friend who’s graduating. In 2019, unfortunately, a lot of African international students can no longer get visas for their parents to participate in this important milestone. So we patch together our communities into a family of sorts. It was an honor to be there. (also, Yo-yo Ma was the commencement speaker!)   I like to say that I think about this time of my life as the night you’re invited to a party, but you’re kind of sick, and so you say no and go to bed instead, despite the FOMO. It was a hard decision to choose Triton over yet another enticing, chaotic, and (likely) incredibly stressful startup. But I felt that I needed the space and time to think. A lot of things had been called into question my first year after schooleven my love for robotics. I realized what I am most driven by is impactI care less about the work I’m doing itself, and more about the impact it will have, on the world, on the communities I care most about. That is why I still think of the Muti Water Project as my biggest accomplishment. I joke about my ongoing “quarter life crisis”, but I’ve also been seriously looking into how I can get back, how I can go backdoing Fulbright in Ethiopia as a way to ease myself in, for example, or following other MIT startups in various African countries, or sometimes in the middle of the night I am seized by an urge to buy a ticket to Johannesburg and never look back. I have a lot of FOMOabout not being at a startup, about not being somewhere on the African continent, about still being in the US (especially after coming back from Shanghai), but I’m exercising some self-restraint.   I also needed the work-life balance of my current job to take better care of myself. This year, I started doing yoga 4 times a week at 6AM and began learning aerial acrobatics twice a week (one lesson and one open practice session). This is not something I talked about on the blogs a lot, but I’ve struggled since middle school with body image (what woman hasn’t on some level, really) and have felt empowered by doing exercise and eating well for the abilities I gain, rather than appearance. It’s cool to be able to get stronger, to do tricks in the air on silks, to feel more powerful, all without focusing much on inches or pounds or reflections in the mirror.   In the spring I attended the MIT Africa Innovate conference thanks to my friend, the esteemed Pelkins A. ‘18 who I featured in “[emailprotected]: Cassava Connection”. There I was excited to meet so many different people working on projects and startups throughout the continent. I also met Joe Shields, the founder of EthioChicken. Joe is a white American from the midwestern United States who started the largest industrial poultry farm in Ethiopia, which now serves multiple East African nations. I have tremendous respect from him, and he was very kind and gave me his contact information. But simply the fact that he was who he wassomeone with no Ethiopian background, with no connections to Ethiopia or to Africaand still did what he did, was inspiring. He was a humble and respectful personhe described his startup journey very realistically, as hacking together something, with a lot of wrong turns, that, with enough patience and hard work, eventually turned into something sustainabl e. Even after MIT and realizing the only thing to fear is fear itself, I still plague myself with fearsthat maybe people will not accept me as Ethiopian, that maybe I don’t speak Amharic well enough, that maybe, for those reasons, I am more likely to fail. Joe was the perfect counterexample.   So it’s been a year, and counting. Becoming a working adult is the process of realizing that life is both unfathomably long and terrifyingly short. Life is so long that you must fill it with things you enjoy, with purpose, with a reason for getting up on hundreds and thousands of mornings, a seemingly endless slog of days ahead of you. Life is too short, frustratingly short, so short that it seems impossible to accomplish anything actually significant, to exert any impact on the world, before the brief flame of your efforts is extinguished.   I’ve thought a lot about what I want to do in the future, and lived hundreds of possible lives while lying awake at 2AM. I lived a life where I get a masters in robotics and hop around companies until I find a breakthrough one whose culture I enjoy, exerting my impact by making technological innovation applicable and useful in the real world, advocating for minorities in STEM fields all the while. I lived a life where I move to Ethiopia and start a coffee processing business, selling to independent roasters in New England and then around the world. I lived a life where I go to business school and use my background in supply chain robotics to do supply chain management, maybe also integrating robots in the process, or using that to make African manufacturing hubs both efficient and ethical and “retiring” as a consultant for various startups.   I lived a life where I write a memoir about the mixed experience called “Ghost Girl” and ask my favorite Chinese-Jamaican artist to illustrate it.   I lived a life closer to the near future, where I do a Fulbright project in Ethiopia for nine months and then move to Denmark to work at Universal Robots before deciding on grad school.   I lived a life where I become a successful music blogger and manager, bringing underground artists from the African continent to perform in the United States, and “retiring” to run a cafe/venue/community space in Cambridge that exclusively sells Ethiopian coffee, has performances and poetry slams in the evenings, and can be booked by students and nonprofits at a free or greatly reduced rate.   I lived a life where I joined the media lab and did seminal research in robotics for performance art, using robots as creative tools for concerts There are many, many more.   Mostly what I have discovered is that I struggle to balance my many different interests and my moral obligations. I feel I have a moral obligation to my family and the greater symbols and systems beyond themunlike most of my peers, even including those who have ties to developing countries, I have close relatives who live near the global poverty line. It was only after meeting so many international students while in college that I realized my father’s journey was a miracle. It would still be a miracle, today and thirty years later, if someone from his hometown made it to college in the United States.   This comes with a sort of survivors’ guilt and other feelings of urgency, fear, and uncertainty. I don’t think I will be able to be at peace when I’m older if I don’t use at least part of my life to try to address that broader issueat least trying would be enough.   For the next year and a half or so, I plan to keep trying to find a direction. Though I will say that adult life is less stressful day-to-day than MIT, it’s forced me to address broader existential questions that I am still working through. But one thing that I am certain about is that I will never, ever regret getting an undergraduate education in engineering, even if I do something completely unrelated. As I wrote about in “Fight Fire with Fire” my freshman year, MIT was an incredible training ground, and it trained me to think and problem solve. It gave me a very concrete set of skills I can point to, and a set of skills that, frankly, will always be a cushion to return to if I decide to do something crazy and it doesn’t work out. It’s definitely not for everyone, and not everyone will agree with that philosophy, but it worked well for me and in this nebulous time, it is one of the few things that feels real and true.   I know that I can take that wherever I go next.   Now that I’m a Real Adult, I write mostly on my own blog, medium.com/@selamjie . You can also find me on selamjie.tumblr.com, twitter.com/selamjie, and this weird lifestyle/skincare blog I have called tryingmyvest.com (like I said, I have too many interests) Post Tagged #after graduating #alumni #life after MIT #work

End the Prohibition on Marijuana - 2096 Words

END THE PROHIBITION ON MARIJUANA AND INDUSTRIAL HEMP Outline Thesis Statement: Legalization of industrialized hemp and marijuana benefits our economy, decriminalizes a 35 billion dollar a year industry, creates jobs, and makes sense for the environment. I. Marijuana has been illegal in the United States since the Marihuana Stamp Tax Act was enacted by congress in 1937 A. A Brief History B. Marijuana Cash Crop II. The prohibition of marijuana contributes to a black market system, which increases violent crime, and contributes finances to the criminal element. A. Violent Crime B. Underground Drug Trade’s Negative Contributions C. The Marijuana Policy Project III. Marijuana prohibition is costing the Federal†¦show more content†¦The Marijuana Policy Project states: â€Å"Because of marijuana prohibition, America’s largest cash crop is grown exclusively by unregulated criminals, often in environmentally damaging locations such as national parks and wilderness areas. Such problems are virtually unknown with legal, regulated crops such as tobacco or wine grapes.† (Marijuana Prohibition Facts, 2008) Legalization’s Effect on The Economy The legalization of marijuana could possibly create annual tax revenue of 2.4 billion if taxed normally, and 6.2 billion if the government used similar tax rates that are currently used for alcohol and tobacco sales. (Miron, 2005) â€Å"Police prosecuted 858,408 persons for marijuana violations in 2009, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s annual Uniform Crime Report, released today. The arrest total is the second highest ever reported by the FBI.† (Armentano, 2010) This one statistic alone is absolute proof that current drug enforcement programs and policies are not effective. Marijuana is widely available to the masses, arrests are at an all-time high, and there is a potential to make billions of dollars through taxation. Marijuana is accepted all over the world, and is by far the most popular illegal drug. A recent Gallup poll showed that 50% of Americans favor the legalization of marijuana. (Newport, 2011) Through the legalization of marijuana tax revenue is increased, drug dealersShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Prohibition Is A Failure And A Waste Of Resources864 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said Prohibition goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man s appetite by legislation, and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes.† The prohibition of marijuana has proven to be a failure and a waste of resources. In addition, prohibition has hurt society more than it has helped. Also, marijuana can be used as a medicine to treat many life threatening illnesses. The legalization of marijuana will generate enormous tax revenue, reduce crimeRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana Speech Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesworld on weather or not to legalize marijuana. The prohibition of marijuana is holding up the improvement of social and economic developments. Introduction I. [Attention-Getter] Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you’re allowed to eat? According to Dr. Paul Phinney, president-elect of the California medical association has found these types of foods to be just as addictive if not more than marijuana. a. According to this sameRead MoreEssay on Marijuana528 Words   |  3 PagesMarijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been used for thousands of years. Marijuana was used in ancient China, as far back as 5000 B.C. The Incans and Mayans used marijuana in religious ceremonies. Marijuana also has roots in this country. The Indians of the plains used marijuana in their peace pipes as a sign of friendship and peace. After prohibition there was a sharp rise in the use of this drug in America, but after prohibition was repealed the use went down. In the 1920s and 30sRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana And The United States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal ever since, until recent years when states began legalizing it (huffpost.com). Although many people believe that the reason behind the prohibition of cannabis was based on genuine concern for the possible consequences it may have on the well-being of people if it remained accessible to all, the truth is that the drive behind the U.S.’s prohibition of cannabis was founded on racism. During the early 1900’ s cannabis was considered an â€Å"ethnic drug† due to the fact that many Mexican immigrantsRead MoreStigma And Stigma Of Marijuana Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe stigma of marijuana started in the 1930s when it was first prohibited nationwide, but since then, the stigma has changed quite drastically to the point where the sigma could be completely eradicated in the near future. The stigma that was created from the prohibition of marijuana is something that still affects every American today. In a brief history of the stigma, it can be traced back to the 1930s where its prohibition would begin, by the 1960s, no one would do it in their right mind becauseRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1118 Words   |  5 Pagesover-exaggerated jail sentences (pertaining to marijuana charges) is a very big problem in the US. I chose this topic because I had heard so many horror stories of people being sentenced at least 9-10 years on marijuana possession charges just to fill priso ns, and it made me extremely upset. What angered me even more was the proof of racially motivated arrests/sentencing in many instances of unjust marijuana related arrests. While these people were â€Å"busted† for carrying marijuana and subsequently jailed for decadesRead MoreMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1306 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana, the most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others, however, are against the legalization of the dangerous drug. WhileRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?900 Words   |  4 Pages In the debate to legalize Marijuana there are people for the legalization, and there are people who are against the legalization. Before I get too far into my own side and the opinions I have to go along with it, I’m going to give you some information to help you better decide your own side. The main thing going around right now to legalize Marijuana is Prohibition 48. Prohibition 48 is the amendment to the state constitution proposed by the people of Mississippi. In my research on the subject IRead More Marijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America?1375 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana Legalization Why is it the Best Choice for America? Marijuana, the most abused drug in America, has had a lot of publicity recently. Marijuana has caused multiple economic problems within the U.S. A controversial question has arisen from the increased popularity and troubles of this drug. The question is whether or not the U.S. government should legalize marijuana possession and sale in the country. Many Americans believe that the drug should be legalized for various reasons; others,Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?949 Words   |  4 Pages In the debate to legalize Marijuana, there are people for the legalization and there are people who are against the legalization. Before I get too far into my own side and the opinions I have to go along with it, I’m going to give you some information to help you better decide your own side. The main thing going around right now to legalize Marijuana is Prohibition 48. Prohibition 48 is the amendment to the state constitution proposed by the people of Mississippi. In my research on th e subject I

Democracy And The Age Of Information Abundance Essay

Democracy in the age of information abundance: The impact of new technologies to our democratic political system Introduction Never before, in the history of time, has our ability to collaborate and communicate on a massive scale been so achievable. (Papay Timby, 2014) With the emergence of new technologies, there are more individuals that can have better access to media and information. Experts believe that to some extent it strengthens democracy as there are more numbers of individuals taking part in any democratic process including the increasing public awareness to monitor political processes. Furthermore, it raises collaborations between the government and the public in solving problems at different levels. Unfortunately, the abundance of information has arguably created radical demand of transparency and potential excessive surveillance that decelerate the government processes and decision-making process as the public sector begin to be too cautious and timid. Before going too far, by new technologies, this essay focuses on new, computer-and-internet based media technologies as the fact that they play an important role in widening and strengthening information access that is significant to democracy (Barber, 2003). There are numbers of these types of technologies including, but not limited to, social media, online surveys, voting and deliberative polling, internet-based focus groups, and online petitions (Keane, 2009). Their emergence is highly supported by variousShow MoreRelatedRick Perry s Decision On The Hpv Vaccine Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesmatter. Introduction Throughout the years, democracy has been the system of government in The United States of America. Democracy is a society in which individuals participate in the decision making process of establishments that make decisions or execute actions that affect them. A democracy also holds the establishments or organizations fully accountable for the decisions or actions that may infringe on their human rights. A perfect example of democracy in action is recollecting the law passed byRead MoreReasons For Why Diversity Within The Public Sphere1390 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalisation period that humans are currently living in. With the modern age expanding on outlets for people to express opinions a massive number of perspectives have been able to enter the public sphere through the use of the internet. Saul explains that through the use of the internet that diversity can expand even further than before, with perspectives from anyone and anywhere in the world, even allowing banned information to become accessed such as Join the Caravan (Saul, 2006, p.15). If democraticRead MoreA Comparison Of The Internet On Batman And Ballot Boxes778 Words   |  4 Pagesthe internet have much in common. Both positively impact society, but both do it through controversial and sometimes blatantly flawed methods. How do they do this? Batman stops crime through violence and vigilante justice, while the internet aids democracy but also spreads rumors and dissension. However, with a responsible and thoughtful guiding force, such as Alfred the butler or a prudent citizen, both Batman’s and the internet’s great potential for improving the population’s welfare are realizedRead MoreReform Movements in the United States Sought to Expand Democratic Ideals. Assess the Validity of This Statement with Specific Reference to the Years 1825 to 1850.1698 Words   |  7 Pagestemperance and industry was a way to not only better their lives but a way to instill certain democratic va lues and advance the perfection of society as a whole. The rise of popular religion and a series of religious revivals reinforced American democracy and liberty. The Second Great Awakening was a huge religious reform movement that sought to re-captivate religious interest in America. One of its new breakthroughs is its representation of democratic ideas, or: â€Å"a reworking of traditional religiousRead MoreCensorship Is A Controversial Restriction1008 Words   |  5 Pages These guidelines reflected upon general policies such as what one is required to wear, how one speaks, in what way one carries themselves and an abundance of other rules. For example, in Athens, Greece where democracy first begun, censorship was manipulated in a way to bring about a broad change in their everyday lifestyle. Dictators in this democracy appointed censors to ban any tales in relation to negative means. Dictators also brought to the table that any unusual or irregular practices doneRead MoreTechnology and Politics1609 Words   |  7 PagesBerliner-Glasser 12 November, 2012 Mr. Rodriguez Essay 2.2 Word Count: 1470 Politically Divided In this modern day and age, technology has become a major influence in our life. In the past decade, we have had a significant amount of technological advances in society that revolves around all aspects of society. Specifically, technology has allowed for ways for individuals to advertise information and express their personal opinions. With advances like cable television, having dozens of different news outletsRead MoreAnalysis Of Daron Acemoglu And James A. Robinson s Novel Why Nations Fail1426 Words   |  6 Pageswhere one gains information they had not known prior to the experience, is ordinarily associated with receiving a degree from a university. However, during the modern era a breakthrough resource has been brought to life, one that allows for the massive consumption of wisdom without the consternation that comes with spending thousands of dollars, the World Wide Web. The popularization and practicality of the Internet has thus inevitably coined the present period the In formation Age. Among the differentRead MoreThe Film Calls The Four Horsemen And How They Are Wreaking Havoc On The Global Community1378 Words   |  6 Pagessystems serve the interest of a select few. The film stated that Tim Berners-Lee (Links to an external site.)created the World Wide Web and in doing so he inadvertently supplied all of the major financial institution more power to grow because information was available more quickly on new conquest. This paper will explore what the film calls the four horsemen and how they are wreaking havoc on the global community. The narrators suggest we deal with the horsemen before it is too late. The FourRead MoreA Learning Diverse Environment : A Multicultural Education1383 Words   |  6 PagesA Learning Diverse Environment A multicultural education is a form of education that incorporates a diverse cultural background into learning. Having a multicultural education is beneficial in an abundance of ways especially for the younger generation. American schools should implement multicultural education in classrooms to promote positive attitudes toward one own’s culture and others. The US Census Bureau claimed that America consists of six different races (excluding Whites or Americans): AmericanRead MoreGeorge Bush: The Worlds First President988 Words   |  4 PagesFrom September eleventh to his handling of hurricane Katrina and the invasion of Iraq, there is an abundance of crisis related information we can use to judge, define, and sum President Bush’s leadership. Nevertheless, through his contribution to various cultures, leadership, and social outreach intervention programs President Bush excellently portrayed what it means to be a world president and humanitarian. As President, George Bush made fulfilling his citizenship responsibilities a priority.

Benefits of holistic food and alternative medicines Free Essays

In order to maintain our total health (physical, emotional, spiritual), we need to become flexible at tall times and adapt to the various changes around us. Each day has its particularly rhythms in terms of sunrise and sunset. Assuming responsibility for the food we put into our bodies is a primary concern—where it is grown, whether it has been sprayed with pesticides, as well as preparation and combination with other foods. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of holistic food and alternative medicines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of us requires particular nutrients at different times. To follow any one diet, such as a Raw Food Diet or Macrobiotic Diet, is to shift responsibility to another human being—the responsibility for tuning in to our own physical vehicles and determining our individual needs, regardless of what is in vogue at the time. Introduction More and more Americans are looking to alternative health care for their own health problems. This is also known as holistic or unconventional medicine. (Complementary and Alternative Medicine). There is a great difference between needs and desires when it comes to food. What we desire may not always be best for our bodies. If we can distinguish between the two, we can balance ourselves accordingly. There are several ways of determining an individual’s nutrition needs. Laboratory blood tests and hair analysis may or may not be helpful in determining vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The taking of the pulses in Oriental and Ayurvedic medicine, along with facial diagnosis, studying the tongue, and the iris of the eyes, are all excellent ways of diagnosing what is happening in the body. , More moderate diets than simply raw foods or Macrobiotics work for most people. Whole grains are very grounding and contain most of the B-complex vitamins and other nutrients. Most people do well eating a whole-grain cereal or the whole grains themselves in the morning. This is because the grain is a complex carbohydrate and takes about eight hours to break down in the body. This process of breaking down helps keep the blood sugar up. Whole-grain breads are okay but do not have as many nutrients as the grains themselves. Vegetable maybe added to the grain; proteins like eggs, tofu or fish may also be eaten with the grain for a more substantial meal. Those with low blood sugar do well it they have some protein in the morning. As was mentioned previously, certain metabolic types that tend to accumulate mucus function better on a very light breakfast of vegetable juices or cooked vegetables or fruit (Kulvinskas 1975). The midday meal should be the largest meal, but this is not always possible for many people who work and bring their food to the office or have to eat at a restaurant. Midday meals should include some vegetables, whether in the form of soups, steamed, or raw in salads. Certain metabolic types and those with low blood sugar benefit from good protein at their midday meal. This may be eggs or fish (if they are eaten) or a soy product like tofu. (Dairy products like cheese tend to form a lot of mucus and are responsible for many allergic conditions. They should be used primarily in the form of soured-milk products like yogurts, kefir, buttermilk, acidophilus cottage cheese, or a small amount of goat milk cheese). Some people need heavier food at midday – a grain or bread, or root vegetables like potatoes or squash. Dinner depends on what one has eaten for the midday meal. Ideally, dinner should be the lightest meal since one goes to sleep several hours afterwards. Digestive enzymes work best at midday; that is when our fire is at its greatest (the internal fire creates the enzymes that break down food). (Kulvinskas 1975). Steamed or raw vegetables should be included at dinner with some protein, grain or root vegetable. Heavy carbohydrates such as pasta, beans, and breads should be avoided, as well as heavy proteins and fatty foods like meats and dairy products. Fruits should be eaten separately as snacks in between meals unless it is an all-fruit meal. Fruits can be very acid and are difficult to digest with other foods. Beverages are best after a meal as well, except for vegetable juices which may be drunk before a meal. Herbal teas and grain beverages should be served a short while after eating since the liquids wash away the digestive enzymes. Alcoholic beverage drunk with meals also have an acidic effect and may interfere with the digestive process. Alcoholic beverages in general are not particularly good for the liver and may interfere with bile production. Certain foods like vinegar, nutritional yeast, cranberries, raw spinach, raw green pepper, and tomatoes are very acidic and should be avoided. (Tomatoes may be used on occasion in a cooked sauce. ) Wheat products form a lot of mucus, and many people are allergic to them. Rye bread, corn bread, and other wheat less breads such as millet bread may be substitute. Rye flour, rice flour, buck wheat flour, and soy flour may be used in baking instead of whole wheat flour. A balanced diet includes whole grains at least once a day; vegetables, raw or cooked, twice a day; protein, once or twice a day; and fruit as a snack. If sweets are used, they should be made with honey, barley malt syrup, or rice syrup. Those with low blood sugar do best with the syrups made form grains because they have more complex carbohydrates. There are many cookies and candy bars where these syrups are used; many are also fruit-juice sweetened (Trum Hunter, 1971). For those who have certain food addictions and cravings, there are ways to balance the today and substitute healthier foods. Many people are used to drinking coffee in the morning and at other times of the day to wake them up. The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant to the nervous system, but it can make one very wired without really increasing vitality or energy. Herbs as gotu-kola or fo-ti which do, in fact, increase adrenal energy, can be used instead. If one likes the taste of coffee, there are grain beverages, such as Roma, Cafix, or Pero, which are coffee substitutes; some of these even come in a package similar to coffee and can be used in drip coffeepots for a comparable taste. (Trum Hunter, 1971). Many people crave sugar, especially mid-afternoon when their energy drops. Usually if they eat as substantial breakfast with a cooked whole-grain product, blood sugar remains higher. Also, a pancreas glandular supplement after meal can help to stabilize the blood sugar. However, it is a good idea to have a mid-afternoon snack like a piece of fresh or some raw vegetables, nuts or seeds. If one wants something sweet, cookies or a candy bar with natural sweetening may be used. (Kulvinskas 1975). Variety in foods is a good principle to abide by in order to obtain nutrients and to avoid allergies. Eating a different grain every morning is a way to vary breakfasts. Using different vegetables for lunch and dinner and alternating the type of protein is another way to seek variety. The way foods are served may also add nutrition. Foods in combination with certain proteins produce essential amino acids; for example, adding seeds or tofu to a grain dish. Diet includes much more than the food itself. Diet includes the type of food we buy. Is it organic, or does it have chemical additives? Where was it grown? What kind of store was it bought in? all these factors affect the vibrational quality of the food we eat. How we prepare the food also affects it; if we are feeling angry or upset, it might be better to have a snack and wait until we feel more balanced. In fact, we will take in those angry vibrations with our food; this often is why people get indigestion. It is better to eat meals slowly in a relaxed atmosphere than at one’s desk of white driving to and from places. Food eaten in a relaxed atmosphere will be much more healing to our bodies than food, no matter how high the quality, eaten on the run. (Kulvinskas 1975). We are what we eat has been a much – overused statement. As spiritual beings, we know we are more than our food intake. Perhaps we could change the statement to â€Å"We are how we eat. † How we eat reflects how we nurture ourselves and each other, and ultimately, how we treat our environment. Chemical Drama in the Cells What is a free radical? It is a molecule that has lots a vital piece of itself – one of its electrically charged electrons that orbit in pairs. To restore balance, the radical frantically steals an electron from nearby molecules or gives away the unpaired one. In so doing, it creates molecular mayhem, careening into the protein, fats and genetic DNA of cells, disfiguring and corroding them. If the target is fat, the radical can set off wildly destructive chain reactions that break down membranes, leaving cells to disintegrate. Upon meeting protein, the radical may shave off bits, destroying its ability to function. Hits on DNA, especially in the cells’ tiny power factories called mitochondria, cause mutations that incite cells to aberrant behavior: Over time, the free radical damage takes its toll by leaving the body aged and diseased (Kushi, 1977). Enter the saviors – antioxidants. Simply, an antioxidants is a chemical that can donate a sought-after electron to a free radical without becoming dangerous itself. Thus an antioxidant, meeting a radical, puts an end to its rampage of cellular and bodily destruction – the slow degeneration known as aging. (Kushi, 1977). How do scientists know that antioxidants can stop aging? The proof is not total because the theory has not been, and probably never can be, tested on generations of human. That many experiments with human cells and other species show the theory has biologically validity. Consider, for example, a recent thrilling experiment on fruit flies that, some say, offer absolute proof of the free radical theory of aging. If it can happen to fruit flies, it can happen to man. Experiments were done where scientists genetically altered a living creature so that it produced antioxidant enzymes to mop up free radicals. They presupposed such creatures lived longer and remain younger than identical creatures not treated to the antioxidant – bolstering gene. According to Earl Stastman, â€Å"chief of the laboratory of biochemistry at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and an authority on aging †It would be pretty good proof that free radicals foster aging and that stronger antioxidant defenses slow down aging. † That’s exactly happened to fruit flies in ground breaking experiments in 1994 by geneticists William Orr and Rajindar Sohal at Southern Methodist University in Dallas. Fruit flies is genetically engineered to have souped up antioxidant system exceeded there normal life spans by one third! Some even lived an unprecedented ninety-three days, setting a life span for fruit flies. (Complementary and Alternative Medicine). More exciting also was their youthful vigor into old age. Scientists watching the tiny flies under magnifying glasses instantly spot which had received the antioxidant-producing genes because they were â€Å"so much more vigorous. † They walked 10 to 20 percent faster than normal flies their age. Halfway through life most could walk one centimeter per second- a brisk pace for a young fruit fly. † In other words, the quality of life of the flies was better. They were stronger physiologically,† said Dr. Sohal (Complementary and Alternative Medicine). This is not to suggest that it’s time to insert such genes in humans but the experiment does dramatically prove the principle that an oversupply of an oxidants defenses in the body stretches life and vigor. For now, you must get antioxidants through your diet. But however they get into the cells of your body, they are apt to deter aging and prolong life. All life, after all, works on the same basic principles, says Dr. Harman. (Rohe, 1983). Conclusions Variety in foods is a good principle to abide by in order to obtain nutrients and to avoid allergies. Eating a different grain every morning is a way to vary breakfasts. Using different vegetables for lunch and dinner and alternating the type of protein is another way to seek variety. The way foods are served may also add nutrition. Foods in combination with certain proteins produce essential amino acids; for example, adding seeds or tofu to a grain dish. Holistic foods include much more than the food itself. Diet includes the type of food we buy. Is it organic, or does it have chemical additives? Where was it grown? What kind of store was it bought in? All these factors affect the vibrational quality of the food we eat. How we prepare the food also affects it; if we are feeling angry or upset, it might be better to have a snack and wait until we feel more balanced. In fact, we will take in those angry vibrations with our food; this often is why people get indigestion. It is better to eat meals slowly in a relaxed atmosphere than at one’s desk or while driving to and from places. Food eaten in a relaxed atmosphere will be much more healing to our bodies than food, no matter how high the quality, eaten on the run. We are what we eat has been a much-overused statement. We know we are more than our food intake. Perhaps, we could change the statement to â€Å"We are how we eat. † How we eat reflects how we nurture ourselves and each other, and ultimately, how we treat our environment. REFERENCES Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved April 16, 2007 at: http://www. aarp. org/health/staying_healthy/prevention/complementary_and_alternative_medicine. html Kulvinskas. V. (1975). Survival into the 21st Century (Woodstock Valley, CT: O’Mawgo D Press. p. 41. Kushi, M. (1977). The Book of Macrobiotics: The Universal Way of Health and Happiness (Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc. p. 78 Rohe, F. (1983). The Complete Book of Natural Foods (Boulder, CO: Shambhala Pubns. P. 31 Trum Hunter, B. (1971). Consumer Beware. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. p. 114. 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Government Spending Budget Essay Example For Students

Government Spending Budget Essay As many Federal departments and agencies lurch into an era of running without funds, the leaders of both parties of Congress are spending less and less time searching for a compromise to balance the budget, and more and more time deciding how to use it to their advantage on the campaign trail. Meanwhile money is easily borrowed to pay for government overhead. In an attempt to change this, on June 29, Congress voted in favor of HConRes67 that called for a 7 year plan to balance the Federal Budget by the year 2002 (Hager 1899). This would be done by incorporating $894 billion in spending cuts by 2002, with a projected 7 year tax cut of $245 billion. If this plan were implemented, in the year 2002, the U.S. Government would have the first balanced budget since 1969. There is doubt by citizens that a balanced budget will become reality. A recent Gallop Poll from January, 1996 showed the budget as the #1 concern among taxpayers, but 4/5 of those interviewed said they doubt the GOP will do the job (Holding 14). Meanwhile, an ABC poll from November reported that over 70% of those polled disapprove of thecurrent performance by Congress, and most blamed politicians for failure to take action (Cloud 3709). These accusations of failure to follow through come with historical proof that Congress and Clinton have failed to compromise and resolve the issue. After all, current budget plans are dependent on somewhat unrealistic predictions of avoiding such catastrophes as recession, national disasters, etc., and include minor loopholes. History has shown that every budget agreement that has failed was too lax. One might remember the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill that attempted to balance the budget, but left too many exemptions, and was finally abandoned in 1990 (Weinberger 33). So after a pain-staking trial for GOP Republicans to create, promote, and pass their budget, as promised on campaign trail 94, Clinton rejected the very bill he demanded. This essentially brought the federal budget back to square one. Clinton thought such a demand on Republicans to produce a budget would produce inner-party quarrels and cause the GOP to implode. Instead, they produced a fiscal budget that passed both houses of Congress, only to be stalemated by a stubborn Democratic President Clinton. Meanwhile, Clinton bounced back with a CBO scored plan with lighter, less risky cuts to politically sensitive areas like entitlements. Clintons plan also saved dollars for education and did not include a tax increase, but most cuts would not take effect until he is out of office, in the year 2001. Although Clinton is sometimes criticized for producing a stalemate in budget talks, the White House points out that the debt has gone down since Clinton took office, with unemployment also fal ling. Republicans are quick to state that Clinton originally increased taxes in 1993 and cut defense programs, but his overall plan was for an increasing budget without deficit reduction. Startling Facts about the budget:As of 1996, the national debt was at an all time high of $5 trillion dollars, with interest running at a whopping $250 billion per year (Rau M-1). This equals out to an individual responsibility of more than $50,000 per taxpayer. Nearly 90% of that debt has accumulated since 1970, and between 1980 and 1995, the debt grew by 500%. Currently, the debt grows by more than $10,000 per second (Rau M-l), and at current rates, a baby born in 1992 will pay 71% of his or her income in net taxes. At current rates, our government is about to reach its breaking point. If thats not enough to scare a taxpayer, by 2002, 60% of government spending will be for entitlements, and by 2012, these programs are projected to take up all government revenue (Dentzer 32). Not only economic development, but also family income is hurt by debt. With the cost of living going up, it becomes harder to find a job. According to the Concord Coalition, real wages peaked in 1973 and have g one down ever since. If the economy grew as fast as it did in 1950, without a debt, the median family income would be $50,000, compared to the present median of $35,000 (Rau M-1). As of current fiscal years budget, the United States government spends $1.64 trillion yearly. $500 billion of that, or 1/3 of the total, is for discretionary spending (Rau M-1). This discretionary spending is the target for most cuts, and seems to be the easiest to make cuts in. Overall, the difference between the two parties budget plans is only $400 billion. This could easily be trimmed by eliminating tax cuts and adjusting the consumer price index to reality. Democrats say the GOP plan is too lopsided, and Republicans criticize the Democrat plan for being unrealistic. A study by the Urban Institute shows GOP cuts will be felt mainly by the bottom 1/5 of U.S. population. This should be more equally spread out across income brackets (Hosansky 1449). The GOP plan:By fulfilling campaign promises made by freshman Republican Congressmen to cut government spending, the GOP managed to pass a $1.6 trillion budget resolution by a party-line vote, in both houses of Congress (Hosansky 1450). This budget called for major cuts in education, environmental programs, discretionary spending, and the largest of all: entitlements. 70% of the money to balance the budget under the GOP plan would have come from entitlements. This is because entitlement programs currently take up $301 billion a year. Such cuts had already been partially implemented with the GOP cutting overall spending by 9.1% in 1996 alone. First, in an attempt to stop the projected bankruptcy of Medicare in 2002, Republicans cut $270 billion overall from the program, with hospital reimbursement cuts being the deepest (Hager 1283). Although stabilizing the fund is only expected to cost $130-$150 billion over 7 years, the GOP budget would reform the program to run better, and cheaper, by allowing it to grow at 6% yearly, instead of the current 10%. While both parties agree on premium hikes for beneficiaries, this is a touchy subject for the 38.1 Million elderly voters on Medicare in 1996 (Rubin 1221). Medicaid, ano ther volatile program, would be cut $182 billion under the GOP proposal. This would entail placing a cap on the programs spending, and passing control of it to the individual state governments. For an estimated 39 million low-income people on Medicaid in 1996, the GOP plan cuts the program far more than Clintons proposed $98 billion cut. Social Security is another program being cut. Video or graphics circuitry, usually fitted to a c EssayA Neutral Proposal:As a neutral proposal, a group calling themselves the Blue Dogs have won support for their budget from both Republicans and Democrats. The group also known as the Concord Coalition includes many conservative Democrats that want to see shallower budget cuts with less reform to entitlements. They also believe a tax cut should be delayed until the budget is balanced. The Coalition believes that by reforming entitlement policy, rethinking government size, changing taxation methods, and consuming less, our budget can be balanced (Rau M-1). Defending Deficits:In defense of deficits, some may argue that the danger of the current situation is highly over rated. A budget deal has always had less to do with economics than with politics and morality. Budget deficits dont crowd out private investment, government spending does, and a large surplus may not be a sign of strength for a country. Some say it is impossible for every country to run either a surplus or a deficit. What matters is that a country can service its debts (Defense 68). During most of the 19th century, the United States borrowed from the world (a current-account deficit). By 1870, it was running a tradesurplus, and by 1900 we had a current-account surplus. But in the early 2Oth century, the U.S. became the worlds largest net creditor, and by 1970 it peaked by finally running into deficit in 1970. Finally, 1980 brought a deficit so large, that the government was a net debtor again (Bottom Line 14). Current Reductions:One of the ways we are currently reducing the deficit includes the introduction of means testing. This means that people would getentitlements based on need. The government already has reduced SocialSecurity for modest income seniors age 70 and younger, but budgetcutters want to broaden that idea (Henderson 60). There are 2 majorproblems with means testing. First, it is considered inherently unfair. Some might argue that a person might blow all of their income before the entitlement reductions come into place. Second, it might reduce the incentive to work and encourage people to hide their income. For instance, beneficiaries of Social Security, ages 62-64, lose $1.00 yearly in benefits for every $2.00 they earn in income or wages above $8,160 per year (Henderson 60). Some say increasing eligibility requirements would solve some problems, and propose raising the age of early retirement from 62 to 65, and standard retirement from 65 to 70. Another touchy subject in budget reduction is the argument that the poor are being left out of savings. According to the Clinton Administration, the GOP budget would cause a family with income of $13,325 per year to lose 11% of their income (Whitman 42). United States Treasury Department studies say the bottom 1/5 income families would have net tax increase of an average $12 to $26 under the GOP plan. The top 1/5 income families would receive mo re than 60% of the tax relief. A HHS analysis states that the GOP plan would also boost child poverty rates from 14.5% to 16.1%, and poor families with children would loose 6% of their income. Conclusion:In the end, budget reduction is no easy task. fixing the National debt is like catching a train leaving the station. The longer we wait, the harder and farther we have to run, says the Concord Coalition (Rau M-1). Both parties want the issue, instead of an agreement, said Representative Bill Orton. The center of attention for debate on budget cutting is politics, and whomever takes responsibility for reform gets left wide open to criticism. Although Congress and Clinton have spent the past year on debating the budget and the size of the Federal Government, most plans fall back ongimmicks, loopholes, and long-term plans. Even Democrats now agree todownsize the government, but the two parties disagree on how and where. As we trust our elected officials to make decisions in Washington on our behalf, we must show interest and aptitude on the end results. To accomplish a balanced budget deal, many suggest that we must not only balance spending, but reform entitlements, rethink government size, change tax methods, and depend less on Washington. Attendees of a conference on budget cutting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming suggested we deliver a budget that has a simple, quantifiable goal, that includes short term goals, and eliminated gimmicks. Countries like Sweden and Canada have successfully reformed fiscal policies. Swedens government elected to abandon welfare, pensions, health insurance, unemployment programs, family assistance, and child allowances. Their deficit soon fell by 3.5% of GDP in one year alone (Urresta 51). Swedens plan was three times as intense as Congress current plan, while cutting spending in half the time. As for cuts, everyone must suffer. As entitlement debates continue, the interests of older Americans are being protected at the expense of young people, says Neil Howe and Bill Strauss (Rau M- 1). Older Americans have good reason to protect programs that they have paid into for years, but those programs spend an overall per capita amount of 11 times as much on elderly than that spent on children altogether (Rau M-1). The youth are the future of America, and we should protect them too. Currently, poverty in US is 3 times as likely to affect the very young than the very old. By balancing the budget, interest rates come down, the economy picks up we will rebound, says Representative James Greenwood (Cloud 3709), and everyone should be happy with that.

Significance of the veil in Islam

Introduction Wearing of the veil among Muslims has remained a debatable and controversial issue for decades, across the world. Different people have taken varying positions in explaining the origin and significance of the veil, which is a key symbol of identity among Muslim women. This is the case, with some of the people under this practice, unable to explain and defend the origin of Hijab. Moreover, the veil has gained massive popularity among Arab countries, as almost all women cover their faces.[1]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of the veil in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While this is the case, some communities around the world view the use of the Islam veil as a way of oppressing Muslim women and depriving them their rights and freedom. This mindset has strongly been held by Western countries, which find no basis of the Hijab, neither in culture nor religion, but a self-imposed pract ice. This essay discusses the significance of the veil in Islam, and why it has become popular in most Islamic countries around the world. Veil Even though the word â€Å"veil† could be used to explain a wide range of headscarves and clothing, the term has found important meaning and application among Muslims throughout history. In general, a veil can be described as a piece of clothing worn by women to cover sections of the body like face and head. In most cases, veils are common among religious communities, where women are expected to wear them for various reasons, which have immensely contributed to the debates and stereotypes linked to the practice.[2] Within the context of Islam, there are several veils that are recognized, with most of them having been borrowed from the Arab countries, where Islam is believed to have originated from. Nevertheless, the veil has continued to face criticism from other cultures, which view it as a practice imposed on women by men as a way o f oppressing and promoting their power in the society. History of the veil According to historians, the veil has a strong history, with evidence showing that it was first used in the 13th century BC. During this time, the veil was mainly used by good women in the society, as other classes of women like prostitutes remained restricted from using it. Elements of women using veils were also recorded among Persians, who were mainly leaders at that time. Additionally, statues which have been discovered during the Classical and Hellenistic periods show the use of veils among Greeks, even though it was compulsory for all women to cover their face and head.[3] Unlike today where every Muslim woman covers her face and head, early Greek practices targeted high class women, who were expected to remain humble in the society. Moreover, the popularity of the veil grew in 1175, among married women, who used veils that ensured complete covering of the necks, hair, and chins. This continued until 14 85, when these veils were overtaken by the popularity of woods. Initially, sheer veils were worn by women on specific occasions or during a particular season, say, mourning a family member or in funeral ceremonies.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other instances, the veil was commonly used to hide the identity of a woman, especially in cases where she was expected to meet her future husband. Besides this, women concealed their identities in cases where they were involved in a secretive event, which was supposed to remain private. Furthermore, the veil was historically used to protect the beauty and skin of women from being exposed to harsh environmental and climatic conditions like scorching sun, strong wind, and dust. Veil in Islam Islam puts strong emphasis on the manner in which women are supposed to present themselves in the society. This is primarily guided by Hijab, which is based on presentation of women in a modest way. These headdresses are commonly known as veils, and are widely used by Muslim women all over the world. This has however been interpreted differently, with a section of Muslims arguing that veils are important in preventing women from attracting men sexually.[4] The veils come in different shapes, with others covering the head and the face alone, while others cover the entire body, from head to toe. The Hijab is the commonest, especially in Western countries. This covers the neck and head alone. However, most women outside these countries are required to use the traditional veil, mainly in the Arab World. Besides Hijab, there are other veils like the niqab, which covers the whole body, leaving tiny openings on the head to allow the person wearing it to see through. These veils have gained popularity in the Arab World even though they are common in Gulf States. They have also triggered debates in most parts of Europe, where they have been highly criticized. In some cases, a section of politicians have recommended its ban, arguing that it poses security threats by concealing the identity of Muslim women.[5] Critics further argue that the use of the veil among women affects proper communication especially in cases where the entire body is covered, leaving tiny holes for the eyes. Chador is another type of veil used by Iranian women, and in other countries in the Middle East. Unlike the niqab, chador leaves the face of a woman exposed even though the head and the rest of the body remain covered. They are mainly black in color, and are also common in countries where Islam in not deeply rooted. The last type of veil worn by Muslim women is the burqa, which covers the entire body, including the whole face. However, they are designed with a mesh on the head to allow women to see through.[6] This type is widely used in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and it was enshrined in the constitution during the reign of Taliban i n Afghanistan, between 1996 and 2001.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of the veil in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This made it criminal for women to be found in public without the veil. Despite these types of veils, it is worth noting that they drive towards the same point of covering the face of Muslim women. As a result, critics have questioned the Quranic support of the veil. What does the Quran say about clothing and Modesty? Islamic Clothing Modesty is a key component of Islam, requiring women to dress in a particular way. This is highly emphasized in cases where the woman is in public, say, in the company of strange people who might not know her or understand her religion. Importantly, Islam is composed of a host of prohibitions and conditions, which define one’s way of dressing, as dictated by Islamic teachings. Above all, the awra’ has to be completely covered, even t hough the manner in which it is done varies widely from one country to the other. According to Islamic teachings, Muslims are supposed to be careful with their appearance in terms of decency and level of dignity, for the purpose of enjoying the creation of Allah.[7] In general, clothing has two major meanings, according to Islamic teachings. Firstly, clothing is necessary to cover human body from nakedness, an element, which is upheld by human beings everywhere. Secondly, Muslims believe that clothing is an essential component that enhances beauty, especially in women. As a result, Muslims are required to cover their private parts at all times. Of great significance is the fact that Islam does not allow women to wear any type of cloth, depending on fashion; they must adhere to the teachings and standards of the religion. For instance, women ought to wear clothes, which cover the whole body and do not reveal any part. In this context, women are not allowed to wear tight clothes, whic h may arouse men sexually. Under this, Muslims are required to enjoy life, including clothing, without any signs of pride or extravagance.[8] This therefore gives the limits, within which women are allowed to present themselves in public. Among other body parts, the head has been given a lot of emphasis, when describing clothing among women in Islam. This has been the center of controversy especially in Western countries, where it is argued that this practice undermines women in the society and may promote security threats.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, clothing is widely mentioned in the Quran, and explanations have been given to clarify the need for a particular code of dressing in the society.[9] The Hijab is also emphasized, requiring women to cover their heads and the entire body, using veils and headscarves. At this point, it is important to explain the importance of the veil in Islam, as it has grown to become a requirement for all Muslim women. Significance of the Veil in Islam According to Islam, the veil has immense significance, which is believed to be supported by the Quran, the holy book of Muslims. This segment discuses some of these factors, which have made Hijab to be common in the Arab World, and in other countries, where Islamic practices are observed. Firstly, the veil is considered as a sign of obedience among Muslim women. According to the Quran, men and women are supposed to obey Allah wholly by respecting his commands and responding to the message of his messenger appropriately. It is also believed that the Quran requires women to avoid looking at certain things, which have been forbidden by God. In other words, there are specific things, which Allah does not expect believing women to look at. As a sign of obedience, they are also expected to draw their veils, and avoid showing off their beauty, apart from that which has been allowed by the law.[10] Even though the veil is mentioned in the Quran and Muslim women ought to wear it, there are scholars who have differed on whether the veil should cover the entire body or not. This is based on the fact that some veils are designed to cover a woman’s body completely, including the head, face, and hands. Secondly, the use of the veil by Muslim women is considered to be a sign of being modest. According to Allah, women are supposed to cover themselves with veils whenever they are not in their houses. This ensures that they are not harassed once they get into the public.[11] Even though it is Allah who creates beauty, it is imp ortant for women to know that they can be harmed by men, when they dress in a manner that does not conform to Islam standards. However, the threat is likely to end in cases where beauty has been lost as a result of old age. Nevertheless, they are expected to remain modest regardless of their age, and whether they cover themselves or expose their heads, faces, and hands. Besides obedience and modesty, wearing of the veil is also seen as a sign of purity among Muslim women. It is believed that the Hijab has a lot of wisdom, which has to be upheld by women at all times. As a result, men and women remain pure in their hearts because they are able to communicate without being overtaken by lustful thoughts. In the absence of the veil, one’s heart may be torn between remaining pure and committing evil things, which are not acceptable in the presence of Allah. As a result, the veil helps in eliminating dirty thoughts, which commonly characterize wicked hearts. Besides being covered, communication between men and women is supposed to be honorable to avoid triggering evil thoughts. Based on the fact that the veil covers the woman’s body, it acts as a shield from external harm exposure to the sinful hearts of men. According to Islamic teachings, Muslim women who take off the veil or refuse to wear them go against God’s laws and disables Allah’s shield, which is supposed to protect them from harm. The veil is also considered as a sign of righteousness among Muslim women. It is a command that women were given by Allah after creation, in order to remain pleasing and acceptable in his sight. This has also been supported by scholars who believe that the modern world is largely driven by pride, which is demonstrated in different fashions, which fail to protect the body of a woman.[12] In other words, some of the dresses worn by women expose them to the evil eyes of men and may result into lustful thoughts. By covering their faces and the rest of the body, women demonstrate an act of righteousness, which is a requirement from God. Additionally, it is worth noting that the Quran addresses Muslim women who believe in Islam. This therefore excludes members of the public who may be in an environment dominated by Muslins. By wearing the veil, a woman demonstrates to the rest of the world that she is a believer.[13] Those who do not believe in this religion can therefore exercise their freedom by dressing in any type of attire, regardless of whether they are in public or private. Nevertheless, most Arab countries have made it a rule for all women to wear veils regardless of whether they believe in Islam or not. This is why Hijab critics believe that it is a way of oppressing women, since the Quran does not require all women in the society to use it. The only people that Allah is concerned with are those who believe and subscribe to the teachings and doctrines of Islam Another reason why wearing of the veil is common in some countries is that it is considered to be a sign of bashfulness among women.[14] In essence, this emanates from one’s belief, which is highly regarded as the Islamic paradise. By covering their bodies, Muslim women demonstrate inherent bashfulness, which is widely viewed to exist naturally in women. On the other hand, this has highly been criticized as women are intimidated, making it hard for them to fight for their rights. Hijab in non-Arab Countries Hijab is widely criticized in non-Arab nations around the world. In fact, some countries have banned the use of veils for various reasons related to security and poor communication.[15] On the other hand, several countries have integrated Muslims in their culture and accepted them, without focusing on religious beliefs and practices. In Britain, some women are seen to struggle with the British identity as they are torn between honoring the foreign nation or being loyal to their religion and mother country. The integration of Muslims in B ritain has made them to be part of the nation as they share with Britons the task of advancing the country’s economy, through development projects and as a source of labor. Many leaders also argue that there is need to embrace multiculturalism, in order to appreciate the differences in cultural and religious identities around the world. Even though the Islamic veil is not banned in the United Kingdom, the law allows learning institutions to craft their dressing codes, which may prohibit or authorize Hijab. Some people argue that the United Kingdom does not have the mandate to dictate what people should wear on the streets.[16] However, there are other groups, which have banned full veils citing cases of insecurity. Conclusion Generally, the veil is a major component of Islam, which has been carried from one generation to another. Throughout these transitions, the original meaning of Hijab has been diluted by leaders for their interests. The veil is common in the Arab World, e ven though several countries, which do not subscribe to this, have adopted the idea as a way of integrating Muslims and making them to be part of the development process.[17] Importantly, the Hijab has a wide range of implications, especially to women. Among other reasons, the veil is a symbol of purity, obedience, righteousness, and a shield from lustful eyes of men. However, some countries have used these factors to oppress women and ensure that their voices are not heard. Bibliography Ali, Syed. â€Å"Why Here, Why Now? Young Muslim Women Wearing HijÄ b.† Muslim World 95, no. 4 (2005): 515-530. Borneman, John. â€Å"Veiling and Women’s Intelligibility.† Cardozo Law Review 30, no. 6 (2009): 2745-2760. Boulanouar, Aisha. â€Å"The Notion of Modesty in Muslim Women’s Clothing: An Islamic Point of View.† New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (2006): 134-156. Bullock, Katherine. Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical Modern Stereotypes. United Kingdom: IIIT, 2002. Guindi, Fadwa. Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance. United Kingdom: Berg, 2003. Haque, Mozammel. â€Å"Solidarity on the ‘Hijaab.† I-Mag no. 6 (2005): 41. Layaquot, Hayat. â€Å"The Beauty Of ‘Hijab In Concealing Beauty.† I-Mag no. 6: (2005): 32-33. Sheikho, Mohammad. Islam! What Are the Veil, Divorce, and Polygamy For? UAE: amin-sheikho.com, 2010. Sultan-ul-Qalam, Majlis, and Lajna Imaillah. â€Å"Assessing British MP Jack Straw’s Comments Concerning Hijab in Islam.† Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. 2006. Web. Wing, Adrien, and Monica Smith. â€Å"Critical Race Feminism Lifts the Veil?: Muslim Women, France, and the Headscarf Ban.† University of California. 2006. Web. Footnotes Adrien Wing and Monica Smith, â€Å"Critical Race Feminism Lifts the Veil? Muslim Women, France, and the Headscarf Ban,† University of California, 2006. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Majlis Sultan-ul-Qalam and Lajna Imail lah, â€Å"Assessing British MP Jack Straw’s Comments Concerning Hijab in Islam,† Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, 2006. Ibid. Hayat Layaquot, â€Å"The Beauty Of ‘Hijab In Concealing Beauty,† I-Mag no. 6: (2005): 32. Ibid. Mohammad Sheikho, Islam! What Are the Veil, Divorce, and Polygamy For? (UAE: amin-sheikho.com, 2010), 9. Ibid. Ibid., p. 32. Mozammel Haque, â€Å"Solidarity on the ‘Hijaab† I-Mag no. 6 (2005): 41. Katherine Bullock, Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical Modern Stereotypes (United Kingdom: IIIT, 2002), 3. John Borneman, â€Å"Veiling and Women’s Intelligibility† Cardozo Law Review 30, no. 6 (2009): 2745. Fadwa Guindi, Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance (United Kingdom: Berg, 2003), 10. Aisha Boulanouar, â€Å"The Notion of Modesty in Muslim Women’s Clothing: An Islamic Point of View,† New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (2006): 135. Syed Ali, â€Å"Why Here, Why N ow? Young Muslim Women Wearing HijÄ b† Muslim World 95, no. 4 (2005): 515. This essay on Significance of the veil in Islam was written and submitted by user Alison Barber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Socratic Irony

In his work, The Concept of Irony, S?ren Kierkegaard discusses Socratic irony. This irony, which sees its beginning in Socrates’ claim to complete ignorance, is present throughout Plato’s dialogues. Socrates then uses this irony to bring his interlocutors to a state in which all content has been emptied from their minds- a state that is altogether negative. This negative aspect, in turn, can be seen as an expression of Socrates’ vanity. However, this vanity was commonly misjudged as greatness and even piety, at times. It will be discussed here how Socrates’ reputation of greatness was earned strictly through this vanity. Through his dialectic, it appeared as if Socrates was always in search for an eternal and objective truth. He always began by claiming ignorance, while his interlocutor claimed to possess knowledge. Socrates would proceed by questioning the other, in a rational manner, in order to try to come to some sort of final truth. However, the truth arrived at was always the same one- that the other was wrong- and the other would wind up in a state in which he realised he knew nothing; this state is also known as aporia. Kierkegaard describes this process of emptying one of all one’s purported knowledge as â€Å"negating.† This negation is achieved through irony, which is actually seen by Kierkegaard as the whole essence of Socrates’ character. Socrates is an ironic and negative character because, in his search for knowledge and truth, he is actually seeking to negate everything, or empty it of its positive content. Thus, it becomes possible for one to equate Socrates wit h irony and with the â€Å"negative.† This negative sees, as its goal, the pursuit to empty all things positive of their content and make them negative as well. The reasons attempting to explain this idiosyncrasy of Socrates are numerous, though his ultimate, ceaseless quest for truth is most popular. In this essay, however, vanity will be cited ... Free Essays on Socratic Irony Free Essays on Socratic Irony In his work, The Concept of Irony, S?ren Kierkegaard discusses Socratic irony. This irony, which sees its beginning in Socrates’ claim to complete ignorance, is present throughout Plato’s dialogues. Socrates then uses this irony to bring his interlocutors to a state in which all content has been emptied from their minds- a state that is altogether negative. This negative aspect, in turn, can be seen as an expression of Socrates’ vanity. However, this vanity was commonly misjudged as greatness and even piety, at times. It will be discussed here how Socrates’ reputation of greatness was earned strictly through this vanity. Through his dialectic, it appeared as if Socrates was always in search for an eternal and objective truth. He always began by claiming ignorance, while his interlocutor claimed to possess knowledge. Socrates would proceed by questioning the other, in a rational manner, in order to try to come to some sort of final truth. However, the truth arrived at was always the same one- that the other was wrong- and the other would wind up in a state in which he realised he knew nothing; this state is also known as aporia. Kierkegaard describes this process of emptying one of all one’s purported knowledge as â€Å"negating.† This negation is achieved through irony, which is actually seen by Kierkegaard as the whole essence of Socrates’ character. Socrates is an ironic and negative character because, in his search for knowledge and truth, he is actually seeking to negate everything, or empty it of its positive content. Thus, it becomes possible for one to equate Socrates wit h irony and with the â€Å"negative.† This negative sees, as its goal, the pursuit to empty all things positive of their content and make them negative as well. The reasons attempting to explain this idiosyncrasy of Socrates are numerous, though his ultimate, ceaseless quest for truth is most popular. In this essay, however, vanity will be cited ...

Reflection questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection questions - Essay Example For instance, I will understand and stop getting angry if my grandpa is too slow in doing some things, while my mother rushes me through some activities. This is the factor of age, which makes them perceive time differently. Additionally, if a person is too busy or not, also influences how they experience time. Since my mother has many things to do, she will do her things in a hurried manner, compared to my grandpa, who does not have a busy schedule as my mother’s. The philosophy of existentialism is unique. This holds that all human beings are free and under their own control. To a greater degree, human beings are in charge of their own life. Each person gives meaning to their life and to the different experiences, that life presents them. I concur with this philosophy, since today; there are diverse options to choose from in different spheres. Hence, I consider there is no absolute truth about what life should be and how it should be lived. Different people live their lives differently. While some will love their lives, others might not. Therefore, a person’s experiences in life, and what meanings an individual gives to those experiences, will greatly influence their life, as these will shape their life. This philosophy, I consider it to give some moral lessons. Even though there are things in life, which a person might not control, such as race, upbringing, and place of birth, once a person grows into a reasonable mind, they can capitalize on the things they can change in their life, through making wise decisions, which will improve their life. One of the best argument against immortality bases on the fact that death is a fundamental part of life cycle for all living things. For humans, death is important, as it forms the human experience. If people did not die, it would be impossible to experience some emotions, which are

Environmental Factors That Affect the Mode of Dispersal in Plants Essay

Environmental Factors That Affect the Mode of Dispersal in Plants - Essay Example As a matter of fact, the degree with which dispersal influences community composition, holding other processes constant, remains an open question to be explored in the realms of academia. In an attempt to address this question, this paper examines the extent to which environmental conditions impacts on the variation in community composition, with reference to plants, visa viz spatial patterns found in the different habitats. Noteworthy from the onset, spatial distribution patterns of both plants and animal species are oftentimes attributed to dispersal limitation (Tuomisto, Ruokolainen and Yli-Halla 242; Cottenie 1177). By definition, dispersal refers to an ecological process resulting into a shift of location by an individual away from the population/location of origin, with the eventual effect of setting forth a new reproduction lineage distant apart from the mother organism. In plants, ‘dispersal’’ generally mean the process of seed relocation from a mother pla nt to a destination site. It represents the first step of plant colonization, which also encompasses establishment processes; that is, germination survival and plant growth (Vittoz, and Engler 112). The most common forms of dispersal include natal dispersal-initial movement of given species from the original location (birth site) to new locations; Adult dispersal-this entails shifting from the location of birth after attaining reproductive maturity, and usually involves species’ movement from one habitat to another; and gamete dispersal, which is mostly a common dispersal mode for adult individuals with non-motile characteristics, such as plants. New site relocation is almost a usual event in the life cycle of many plants and considered an aspect of adaption traits to certain habitats. Given the distinguishing characteristic of limited mobility, plants basically rely upon a number of dispersal vectors, both abiotic and biotic, to transport their propagules, from one location to the next (Carr, Robertson, Platt and Peet 1606). These propagules can either be dispersed away from their birth site individually or collectively in both space and time. The patterns of plant dispersal modes, by and large, depend on the dispersal mechanism, which in turn has important implications on the ultimate demographic and genetic distribution of plant populations within a particular habitat. There are quite a number of environmental factors that play crucial roles in the process of plant propagules dispersal processes. An important fact to note is the fact that some plants are utterly serotinous and only respond to certain environmental stimuli to shed off some of their offspring for a new beginning. Plants disseminules, in particular, comprise of seeds, fruits, and spores, all of which bear distinct modifications for relocation away from the parent plants by means of the ever available environmental kinetic energy. In fact, the distance traveled by a single disseminule is determined by the velocity as well as direction of movement taken by the agent causing the dispersion. Flying animals, water currents, and winds fall into the category of successful agents capable of carrying out long-distance passive dispersal. Light hairy seeds and fruits are easily and efficiently carried by the wind. Good examples are the Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae) seeds, which possess unique modifications allowing its

Primark Is Very Famous Retail Clothing Store Chain Marketing Essay

Primark Is Very Famous Retail Clothing Store Chain Marketing Essay I will highlight the basic components of strategic marketing and discuss how strategic planning process is vital and how much its important for making an effective marketing strategy. This assignment has been divided in to three learning outcomes. First learning outcome is about how marketing plan supports the strategic objectives of the organization. This learning outcome includes marketing planning process, how SWOT could be an effective tool and difference between marketing strategies and marketing planning. Second learning outcome is about the construction of marketing plans. This includes analysis of marketing mix how to produce marketing plan. Third and the last learning outcome are about how to promote the marketing plan in support of strategic objectives. Primark Primark is very famous retail clothing store chain, providing clothes to customer at reasonable and affordable prices. Primark is actually an Irish retailer of clothing with the numbers of stores in United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain. Primark has more than 170 stores in which 125 stores are located in all over United Kingdom, 35 stores in Ireland and round about 10 stores in Spain. The first Primark store was established in year 1969 in capital city of Ireland in Dublin by Arther Ryan with the collaboration with Micaela Mitchell. After achieving the first success, they open more stores in different business centres with in local and regional areas, which alternatively generate more profits. (Source: www.primark.co.uk) Now I would like to discuss the first learning outcome of my assignment that how marketing plan supports strategic objectives. I will first define both of them then focus on the vision and mission statements of Primark. The Marketing Concept The marketing concept emerged in the mid-1950s. Instead of a product-cantered, make-and-sell philosophy, business shifted to a customer-cantered, sense-and-respond philosophy. Instead of hunting, marketing is gardening. The job is not to find the right customers for your products, but the right products for your customers. The marketing is actually a tool to hold the key to achieve organizational mission and goals. In this way company become more effective than its competitors in the market for creating, delivering goods to the customers. (Source: MBA Career Program) Theodore Levitt of Harvard drew a contrast between selling and marketing concepts: Selling is the concept which only focuses on the needs of the seller; marketing is on the need of the buyer. Selling is actually a phenomena with sellers need to convert its product into cash; marketing is an idea of satisfying the need of the customer by mean of the product and the whole cluster of things associated with creating, delivering and finally consuming it. (Source: International Marketing Strategy, fifth edition) What is strategy and why it is important: A strategy is actually a plan of action which is designed to achieve the particular goals. Its consists of competitive moves and approaches used by the managers to run the company Management is concern with the following action plans their main aim is to Grow the business Please attract the customers Compete in the market successfully Conduct different operations Achieve targets of organizational performance Strategy involves in three questions and the answers of these three are on the basis of an organizations strategic planning these questions are Whats the present situation of the organization? Where does the organization need to go from here? How will the organization get there? The organizations answer to how it will get there is its strategy. Strategy and Competitive Advantage: Now days to survive in the market its very important to have competitive advantage over your competitors and rivals. Strategic planning helps us to get the competitive advantage so that organization can increase their market shares and earn more profits. A different and distinctive strategy thats helps and makes the company apart from their rivals and gives a company competitive advantage is a companys most reliable way to get the profit above average profits. Competing with competitive advantage is more beneficial than competing with no advantages Competing without competitive advantage result in low profitability. Vision of Primark: The mission of the management and the staff of Primark have been to supply quality and affordable product to the customers with a focus on new promotion. Mission Statement The Mission statement of Primark Company is to provide good and quality product to the customer relativity low as compare to the other retailers working in the market and with this stay competitive and should have a competitive edge with other clothing retailers in order to promote the culture of value for money. SMART Analysis: If we apply SMART analysis is accordance with the mission statement of Primark we can analyse the following Specific: Specific means that mission statement of Primark is specific in nature in terms of its objective. Measurable: The mission statement to some extent doesnt provide any time frame. Achievable: The targets of the organization are quite achievable. Realistic: Primark stores have adopted a realistic approach. Timely: to achieve the organizational goals Primark has no set any time framework. Importance of Marketing Planning at Business Product Level: The success of any business and any product which is launched in the market is depends on its Marketing Planning. For this reason I will focus on the importance of marketing planning for the business as well as the product. Let me discuss what is Product. Products: A product is something which is tangible in nature that can be touch or have a physical existence i.e. shape, size, colour dimensions etc, but this is a misleading concept in term of product definition because product can be intangible in nature as well like financial services provided by banks, services provided by the insurance companies to the customers etc. (International Marketing Analysis Strategy P-275) Now I would like to discuss the marketing planning process and analyse how this process is important for business and the products. Marketing Planning Process: Market plan is a document that has the details regarding the product or the actions which company takes. (Kotler et al. (2010). The different methods used by the management of the organizations in which they defines in details there current and future strategies, objectives and aims is called planning process. By this they can access the current and future trends of the markets and this evaluates the current and potential capabilities of the organization and an attempt to forecast the future in order to achieve its objectives. The international planning process allows the organizations to answer the below mentioned questions. What is the present state of the company now? Where does the company want to go? How will the company get there? An efficient marketing planning process consists of the following steps. Determining the objectives of the organization. Assessing and evaluating organizational resources. Evaluating the opportunities risks. An efficient Marketing strategy. Evaluating and implementing marketing plans. (Source Doole Lowe 2004) Explanation: As it is already mentioned in the stages of the marketing planning process, first step is to determine the organization goals and set the objectives of marketing plan. This is the stage where the organization decides that what need to do and how we gong to achieve that. Keeping in mind the objectives, organizational resources are assessed which include the financial condition of the organization, its people, technology used and production capability. SWOT Analysis: SWOT Analysis is considered to be the very useful tool now days. It is actually a strategic planning method or approach to evaluate the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of an organization. It involves in the project and business ventures as well. SWOT analysis consists of following Strengths: The characteristics of the organization or business thats gives an advantage to the company over its competitors or rivals. Weaknesses: The characteristics of the firm that have disadvantage to its competitors or rivals. Opportunities:  The opportunities are the external chances that make greater sales and can earn more profits. Threats:  Threats are also the external elements in the environment that cause trouble for the business. An  overall  plan  is based  on  the first  3  steps  of the SWOT analysis that will help the the  marketing  plan  a  major success  in the future. As I already mentioned marketing strategy gives us the answers for the following questions What is the present state of the company now? Where does the company want to go? How will the company get there? With the help of SWOT analysis we can analyse the company strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. At the same time we can use the tool of PEST analysis that helps us analyse the political, economic, social and technological analysis. It helps us describe the work of marketing plan of the company. Porters five forces model gives us the knowledge of the number of forces that affects the marketing strategy of an organization. Last phase is to apply and implement the marketing plan; on the basis of the analysis the organization chooses its targeted market by using market segmentation methodology. And in the end the combination of effective and right marketing mix can give an edge over its competitors and rivals. During the stage of the planning process, organizations give more importance to their External Environmental Forces that can or will affect the marketing process. PEST analysis plays a very important and vital role at this stage and this gives the organizations a thorough analysis of the products. Difference between Marketing Planning Strategy: Strategy of an organization actually defines the overall aims, objectives mission of the company. Every business/ organization has set their goals and objectives in order to gain the market share and earn more profits as compare to their competitors. As I already mentioned that strategy of the company provides the answers of the following questions; As mentioned earlier that strategy of the company provides answers for the following three key questions; What is the present state of the company now? Where does the company want to go? How will the company get there? On the basis of these 3 important questions, an organization or a business sets its targets and makes a proper plan of action to achieve their goals. Marketing Planning: The process of promoting the product or services of the company on the basis of over all strategy of the organization is called marketing planning. Marketing planning involves Situational Analysis, Internal External Analysis of the organization and on the basis of the above factors choosing a right kind of marketing mix to increase the market share and maximize the profit and getting company competitive advantage over the competitors and rivals in the market. Construction of a Marketing Plan: It is extremely important for the businesses to make a proper marketing plan when they promote their product. This should be done efficiently in order to gain competitive advantage over competitors in an effective manner so that the organization can make more profits. Now I would like to focus on the components of the marketing plan. In this phase I will highlight the importance of marketing mix which helps us while making a marketing planning. The efficient kind of marketing mix strategies always gives a company an advantage in the market place. Marketing Mix: Marketing mix is defined as a set of tools an organization may use to achieve its marketing goals. (Kotler, Managing Markets 2006, P-19) McCarthy divided marketing mix in to four groups, which are commonly knows as 4Ps Product Price Place Promotion An organization uses the all four factors of marketing mix to attracts and target their customers. A company can change its price and keep changes its promotion schemes in short run but it might take longer period for them to change their product or places. Most of the organizations working in the market use Price and Promotion as key factors to target the customer to earn profits. The above mentioned 4Ps helps and represents sellers view of the marketing tools in order to attract the buyers. (Kotler Managing Markets 2006, P-20) Some other authors include 7Ps as the complete version of marketing mix. The remaining three are as follows: People Processes Physical Evidence If we look on the marketing mix of the Primark then we can analyze the marketing strategy they adopted so that they attract numbers of customers. Marketing Mix of Primark: Primark is widely knows and popular as a clothes retailer which keep attracting the customer by their low price and good quality clothes. I will highlight the marketing approach Primark adopted to get the benefits as compare to their competitors. Product: Primark is a clothes retailer, it is producing good and quality product according to the need of the people for all range of ages. In this section I will discuss what products they are selling and what are the different features of their products from mens wear, ladies wear and childrens wear. Quality: Quality of the product of Primark is quiet reasonable as compare to their prices especially if we look on the other retailers in the high street market retailers. Designs: Primark keep introducing latest designs at their retails out lets. Primark targeted people of ages from 25 to 35. Primark keep providing latest designs in their retails outlets at reasonable prices. Brand Names: Primark has launched different types of brands in their retails outlets for their customers, which are quite popular. I am discussing few brands of Primark that has become a part and become a value for money business. Rebel Active CS Active Early Days (For babies) Young Dimensions Active Cedar wood State (For Gents) Atmosphere (Source: www.primark.co.uk) Packing Sizes: The product which Primark produces are good in quality and their packing is extremely good that people attract to their products. In these products ladies wear and gents dress shirts comes under good packing and in all sizes. Services, Warranties Returns: Primark is one of the company which is growing very rapidly and company core objective is to provide the best services to their customers. Each and every Primark store has a customer services department where trained customer representative staff help the customers to their concern are solve the problems of the customers on priority basis. At Primark the product that has been purchase by the customers can be exchanged or it can be even refunded within the prescribed 21 days time of the day of purchased date. Price: Primark as a retail company is focusing to provide good quality of products to the customer at the very reasonable prices. Primark is one of the retailers in the Europe where a customer has been targeted by the price of the products. Their marketing strategy most important aspect is value for money with the slogan Look good pay less Examples: Gents shirt prices starts from only  £2.00 Gents jeans pent can be purchased with in  £10.00 Gents formal suite can be purchased in  £40.00 Apart from all that above Primark keep on reducing the prices of the product from time to time and in this way company fulfilling their promise of Look Good Pay Less. Promotion: Like other retailers working in the region you cannot see many promotion schemes but Primark do make promotions schemes so that they can create more market share. But over all the promotion factor of Primark is bit low because they dont have online shopping facility for their customers. This online shopping has been neglected which shouldnt be neglected as this is a very important factor in now days. Like all the other companies in the region, Primark introduced Pennys Gift Card in all their stores in Ireland. This brings a lot of saving on shopping in the Primark outlets. Place: In marketing mix the 4th P is a very important as far as the clothes retailer concern. You will see Primark stores and outlets on all major and important high streets and shopping centres. Primark has also opened a shop at the famous Oxford Street in the Central London, this store at Oxford Street doing a very good business. The Primark store at Lakeside is also one of the busiest stores at Lakeside shopping centre. If we talk regarding the transportation point of view, all Primark stores and outlets are easy assessable to the general public through public transports as they are located at the very important and majors high streets and shopping centres, and this make Primark a value for money brand for the consumers in the recession period. People: This is also a very important factor of marketing mix and it is very significant as well. Marketing strategy should be made for the people who either are the end users of are the part of the organization for e.g. workers, management, consumers etc. this also defines the market segmentation and demographic segmentation. Processes: This process also plays a vital role because its gives an overview about the processes involved in the business. Like mechanism, procedure and flow of all the activities by which services are used. This also tells us the procedures that how product reach the end users. So its important that marketing process should be flexible to meet the needs of the businesses processes. Physical Evidence: The last 7P of marketing mix is physical evidence this mean that the marketing strategy should include effectively communicating their satisfaction to potential customers. Impact of Marketing Mix on the Management Decision Making: The importance of marketing mix is very important for every organizations business and marketing plans. Marketing mix is chosen after the very critical analysis of the forces that affects internal and external environment. In this way management can get the better idea about the strengths and weaknesses of the organizations. The potential business opportunities and threats are due to the presence of the different companies offering and doing the businesses by same sort of services and product. After the very careful and critical analysis of all the above factors the management of the companies make very good and fruitful decisions. An effective and correct Marketing Mix strategy will give the companies competitive edge over the competitors in this way they can produce more profits and maximise the market share of the company. Importance of Budgeting in Marketing Plan Financial forecasting is also very important and vital in over all running of the business unit. In case of marketing the funds availability is very important. On this basis the organization allocates resources and funds for an effective marketing plan so that they can produce more result in shape of success. Here the question arises that what should be the cost of the whole marketing campaign of the product or the business and how we can allocate the funds for that. Promotional budget normally determined by how much fund provided and how much percentage is available out of the revenue received from the sale of the brand.